317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Elbow | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 90 Degree Elbow | ASTM A403 WP317 45° Elbow | ASTM A403 WP317 180° Elbow | SS 317 Long Radius Elbow | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel SR Elbow | WP317 Stainless Steel LR Elbow.
ASTM A403 WP317 Pipe Fittings, SS 317 Equal Tee, WP317 SS 90 degree Elbow Manufacturer in India.
Neelkamal Alloys LLP is a known stockist of ASTM A403 WP317 Pipe Fittings, which offers precise dimension, longer service life and high performance. We are also a prominent manufacturer and exporter of Grade 317 180 Deg Elbow to our client as per their requirements, which is widely used in industrial & commercial applications. Our organization is involved in offering the best-in-class shaped A403 317 Tee, which are resistant to rust and therefore sure to last for a long period of time. Our company offers ASME A403 SA317 Cross which are precision designed to provide satisfaction to our clients. A403 317 Eccentric Reducer find uses in exotic and highly-demanding applications, such as in the turbine blades of jet engines, in spacecraft, and in nuclear reactors. We procure our SS 317 Pipe Bend as per the requirements detailed by our esteemed clients, which are widely appreciated for robust construction. In tune with different needs of our copious clients, we customize the entire range of SS 317 Stub End in different sizes, dimensions and shapes.
SS WP317 Short Radius Elbow, ASME SA403 SS 317 Pipe End Cap Exporter, SS 317 45 deg. Elbow Supplier in Mumbai, India.
Quick Section Links
- What is Stainless Steel 317 Pipe Fittings?
- ASME B16.9 Stainless Steel 317 Butt weld Fittings Specifications
- ANSI B16.9 Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Forms & Availability
- Types of Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Pipe Fittings
- ASTM A403 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe Fittings Equivalent Grades
- ASTM A403 WP317 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings Price List
- 317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition
- Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties
- Other Types of Grade 317 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings in Stock
The entire gamut of Stainless Steel 317 Reducing Tee Pipe Fittings has gained huge appreciation for their qualitative features. We are amongst the reckoned firm offering functionally advanced array of Stainless Steel 317 Eccentric Reducer Pipe Fittings that are valued among the clients for high quality and smooth operations, they are performance based and are high capacious in nature.
Dimensional Standards For Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings
- American Standard Fittings (ANSI/ASME/AWWA)
- European Standard Fittings (EN)
- German Standard Fittings (DIN)
- British Standard Fittings (BS)
- Japanese Standard Fittings (JIS)
- MSS Standard Fittings (MSS-SP)
- Petroleum Standard Fittings (API)
- South African Standard Fittings (SABS / SANS)
- Russian Standard Fittings (GOST)
Material Testing of Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings
- Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile of Area
- Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
- Hardness Test
- Positive Material Identification – PMI
- Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
- Testing
- Micro and MacroTest
- Flattening Test
- Pitting Resistance Test
- Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test
- Flaring Test
Documentation of Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings
- Commercial Invoice which includes HS Code
- Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
- Packing List including net weight and gross weight, number of boxes, Marks and Numbers
- Raw Material Test Reports
- Fumigation Certificates
- Material Traceability Records
- Raw Material Test Reports
- Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
- Material Traceability Records
- Heat Treatment Charts
- Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
- Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
- Heat Treatment Charts
- Material Test Certificates (MTC) as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2
- Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175
- Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
- NABL approved Laboratory Test Reports
- Form A for the purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)
- Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
ASME B16.9 Stainless Steel 317 Butt weld Fittings Specifications
| Specifications | ASTM A403 / ASME SA403 |
|---|---|
| Pipe Fittings size | Seamless Stainless Steel Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2" - 10" Welded Stainless Steel Butt Weld Fittings: 1/2" - 48" |
| Pipe Fittings Dimensions | ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43, BS4504, BS4504, BS1560, BS10 ASME 16.11, MSS SP-79, 83, 95, 97, BS 3799 |
| Pipe Fittings Thickness | SCH10, SCH20, SCH30, STD SCH40, SCH60, XS, SCH 80, SCH 100, SCH 120, SCH 140, SCH 160, XXS available with NACE MR 01-75 |
| Pipe fittings Types | Seamless / ERW / Welded / Fabricated |
| Manufacturing Standards | ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43 DIN : DIN2605, DIN2615, DIN2616, DIN2617, DIN28011, DN15-DN1200 BS : BS4504, BS4504, BS1560, BS10 JIS : JIS B2311, JIS B2312, JIS B2313, JIS B2316 GOST : GOST 17375, GOST 17376, GOST 30753, GOST 17378, GOST 17379, GOST 17380 EN: EN10253-1, EN10253-2 |
| Connection | Welding |
| Bending Radius | R=1D, 2D, 3D, 5D, 6D, 8D, 10D or Custom |
| Pipe Fittings Elbow | Angle : 22.5 deg, 30deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, 180 deg, 1.0D, 1.5D, 2.0D, 2.5D, 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D-40D. Standard: ASME B16.9, ASME B16.28, ASME B16.25, MSS SP-75 DIN2605 JISB2311 JISB2312 JISB2313, BS, GB, ISO |
| Pipe Fittings Manufacturing process | Push, Press, Forge, Cast, etc. |
| Pipe Fittings Size Range | ½" NB to 24" NB in Sch 10s, 40s, 80s, 160s, XXS. (DN6~DN100) |
| Specialized manufacturer of | 90º Elbows, Couplings, Reducers, Inserts, Caps, Nipples, 45º Elbows, Tees, Crosses, Equal Tees & Reducing Tees |
| Buttweld Fittings Test Certificates | EN 10204/3.1B Raw Materials Certificate 100% Radiography Test Report Third Party Inspection Report, etc |
| Pipe Fittings uses & application | |
| Material Test Certificates (MTC) for Stainless Steel 317 Pipe Fittings as per EN 10204 3.1 and EN 10204 3.2, Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR0175 | |
Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Standards
| Standard | Description |
| ASTM A403/A403M | Wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings. |
| AS 2129 | Flanges for pipes, valves and fittings |
| ANSI B16.9 | Factory-made wrought steel butt-welding fittings. |
| ANSI B16.25 | Butt-welding ends. |
| MSS SP43 | Wrought stainless steel butt-welding fittings. Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fittings for Low Pressure, Corrosion Resistant Applications |
| BS3799 | Specification for Steel Buttweld Pipe Fittings, screwed and Socket-welding for the petroleum industry |
| ANSI – B 16.9 ASTM A403 – ASME SA403 |
‘Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings’ |
| API 590-605 ASME B16.9 |
‘Factory-Made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings’ |
| ASME B16.25 | ‘Buttwelding Ends’ |
| ASME B16.28 | ‘Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns’ |
Call +91- 22- 66362225 / +91- 22- 66662225 OR
Email us at sales@neelkamalsteels.com for quick response
ANSI B16.9 Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Forms & Availability
| Products | Size | |
| SS 317 Elbows – Long Radius | SS 317 Stub Ends | Sizes 1/2″ – 48″ |
| SS 317 Elbows – Short Radius | SS 317 Crosses | |
| SS 317 Reducing Elbows | SS 317 Reducing Cross | |
| SS 317 45° Elbows | SS 317 180° LR Return Bends | |
| SS 317 Tees | SS 317 180° SR Return Bends | |
| SS 317 Equal Tees | SS 317 Pipe Bends / Piggable Bends | |
| SS 317 Reducers | SS 317 3D Elbow | |
| SS 317 Concentric Reducers | SS 317 Steel Pipe Nipples | |
| SS 317 Eccentric Reducers | SS 317 5D Elbow | |
| SS 317 3D Elbow | SS 317 End Caps | |
| SS 317 1D Elbow | SS 317 Seamless Pipe Fittings | |
| SS 317 Welded Fittings | SS 317 Lap Joint Stub Ends | |
Types of Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Pipe Fittings
SS 317 Elbow
SS 317 Tee
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Tee | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Equal Tee | ASTM A403 WP317 Unequal Tee | ASTM A403 WP317 Reducing Tees | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Tees.
SS 317 Cross
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Cross | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Equal Cross | ASTM A403 WP317 Unequal Cross | ASTM A403 WP317 Reducing Cross | ANSI B16.9 WP317 SS Buttweld Cross.
SS 317 Reducer
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Reducer | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Eccentric Reducer | ASTM A403 WP317 Concentric Reducer | ASTM A403 WP317 Reducer | ANSI B16.9 WP317 SS Buttweld Reducer.
SS 317 Stub End
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Stub End | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Long Stub End | ASTM A403 WP317 Short Stub End | ASTM A403 WP317 Lap Joint Stub End | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Stub End.
SS 317 Pipe End Cap
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe End Cap | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Pipe End Cap | ASTM A403 WP317 Pipe Cap | ASTM A403 WP317 End Cap | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe End Cap.
SS 317 Pipe Bend
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe Bend | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 U Bend | ASTM A403 WP317 Piggable Bends | ASTM A403 WP317 Long Radius Bend | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld 180D Pipe Bend.
SS 317 Pipe Nipples
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe Nipple | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Pipe Nipple | ASTM A403 WP317 Barrel Nipple | ASTM A403 WP317 Pipe Nipples | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Barrel Nipple.
SS 317 Lateral Tee
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Lateral Tee | ASTM A403 Stainless Steel WP317 Lateral Tee | ASTM A403 WP317 Lateral Tee | ASTM A403 WP317 Lateral Tee | ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Lateral Tee.
ASTM A403 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe Fittings Equivalent Grades
| STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | JIS | EN |
| SS 317 | 1.4449 | S31700 | SUS 317 | - |
ASTM A403 WP317 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings Price List
Contact us or click on request a quote button to get our competitive prices for 317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Fittings. Neelkamal Alloys LLP maintain the large inventory of high quality ASTM A403 WP317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Fittings for sale to our clients throughout globally.
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Fe |
| SS 317 | 0.08 max | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 18.00 - 20.00 | 3.00 - 4.00 | 11.00 - 15.00 | 57.845 min |
Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Fittings Mechanical Properties
| Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
| 7.9 g/cm3 | 1400 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
Stainless Steel 317 Short and Long Radius Elbows Dimensions
| Nominal Pipe Size (inches) |
Outside Diameter | 45°Elbows | 90° Elbows | 180° Returns | ||||
| Long Radius | Long Radius | Short Radius | Long Radius | |||||
| (mm) | (inches) | Center to Face (inches) |
Radius (inches) |
Center to Face (inches) |
Center to Face (inches) |
Center to Center (inches) |
Back to face (inches) |
|
| 1 | 33.4 | 1.315 | 7/8 | 1 1/2 | 1 | 3 | 2 3/16 | |
| 1/2 | 21.3 | 0.840 | 5/8 | 1 1/2 | – | 2 | 1 7/8 | |
| 3/4 | 26.7 | 1.050 | 7/16 | 1 1/8 | – | 2 1/4 | 1 11/16 | |
| 1 1/4 | 42.2 | 1.660 | 1 | 1 7/8 | 1 1/4 | 3 3/4 | 2 3/4 | |
| 1 1/2 | 48.3 | 1.900 | 1 1/8 | 3 | 2 1/4 | 1 1/2 | 4 1/2 | 3 1/4 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 2.375 | 1 3/8 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 3/16 |
| 2 1/2 | 73.0 | 2.875 | 1 3/4 | 5 | 3 3/4 | 2 1/2 | 7 1/2 | 5 3/16 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 3.500 | 2 | 6 | 4 1/2 | 3 | 9 | 6 1/4 |
| 3 1/2 | 101.6 | 4.000 | 2 1/4 | 7 | 5 1/4 | 3 1/2 | 10 1/2 | 7 1/4 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 4.500 | 2 1/2 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 8 1/4 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 5.563 | 3 1/8 | 10 | 7 1/2 | 5 | 15 | 10 5/16 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 6.625 | 3 3/4 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 18 | 12 5/16 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 8.625 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 24 | 16 5/16 |
| 10 | 273.1 | 10.750 | 6 1/4 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 30 | 20 3/8 |
| 12 | 323.9 | 12.750 | 7 1/2 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 36 | 24 3/8 |
SS 317 Tee & Cap Dimensions
| Nominal Pipe Size (inches) |
Outside Diameter |
Caps | Straight Crosses | Straight Tees | Stub Ends | |||
| (mm) | (inches) | Length (inches) |
Center to End (inches) |
Center to End (inches) |
Lap Diameter (inches) |
Long Length (inches) |
Short Length (inches) |
|
| 1 | 33.4 | 1.315 | 1 1/2 | 1 1/2 | 1 1/2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| 1/2 | 21.3 | 0.840 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 3/8 | 3 | 2 |
| 3/4 | 26.7 | 1.050 | 1 | – | 1 1/8 | 1 11/16 | 3 | 2 |
| 1 1/4 | 42.2 | 1.660 | 1 1/2 | 1 7/8 | 1 7/8 | 2 1/2 | 4 | 2 |
| 1 1/2 | 48.3 | 1.900 | 1 1/2 | 2 1/4 | 2 1/4 | 2 7/8 | 4 | 2 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 2.375 | 1 1/2 | 2 1/2 | 2 1/2 | 3 5/8 | 6 | 2 1/2 |
| 2 1/2 | 73.0 | 2.875 | 1 1/2 | 3 | 3 | 4 1/8 | 6 | 2 1/2 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 3.500 | 2 | 3 3/8 | 3 3/8 | 5 | 6 | 2 1/2 |
| 3 1/2 | 101.6 | 4.000 | 2 1/2 | 3 3/4 | 3 3/4 | 5 1/2 | 6 | 3 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 4.500 | 2 1/2 | 4 1/8 | 4 1/8 | 6 3/16 | 6 | 3 |
| 5 | 141.3 | 5.563 | 3 | 4 7/8 | 4 7/8 | 7 5/16 | 8 | 3 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 6.625 | 3 1/2 | 5 5/8 | 5 5/8 | 8 1/2 | 8 | 3 1/2 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 8.625 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 10 5/8 | 8 | 4 |
| 10 | 273.1 | 10.750 | 5 | 8 1/2 | 8 1/2 | 12 3/4 | 10 | 5 |
| 12 | 323.9 | 12.750 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 6 |
317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Fittings Weights(Kg)
| Product range and theoretical weights (kg) | |||||||||
| DN | Schedule 10S | Schedule 40S | Schedule 80S | ||||||
| 90° Elbow | 45° Elbow | Equal tee | 90° Elbow | 45° Elbow | Equal tee | 90° Elbow | 45° Elbow | Equal tee | |
| 8 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| 10 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
| 15 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.14 |
| 20 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.20 |
| 25 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.38 |
| 32 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.49 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.59 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.68 |
| 40 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.86 | 0.51 | 0.29 | 1.02 |
| 50 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.4 | 1.28 | 0.91 | 0.59 | 1.59 |
| 65 | 0.85 | 0.48 | 1.41 | 1.40 | 0.77 | 2.19 | 1.81 | 0.99 | 3.13 |
| 80 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 1.77 | 2.20 | 1.08 | 3.31 | 2.97 | 1.50 | 4.45 |
| 90 | 1.70 | 0.75 | 2.67 | 2.83 | 1.42 | 4.08 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 5.44 |
| 100 | 2.10 | 1.08 | 3.46 | 4.47 | 2.09 | 5.27 | 6.18 | 2.81 | 7.71 |
| 150 | 5.45 | 2.72 | 8.07 | 10.89 | 5.44 | 10.99 | 16.32 | 8.16 | 13.61 |
| 200 | 10.20 | 5.33 | 15.65 | 21.54 | 10.77 | 20.91 | 33.11 | 16.56 | 28.12 |
| 250 | 18.15 | 9.75 | 26.46 | 38.56 | 19.27 | 35.38 | 51.71 | 25.86 | 49.90 |
| 300 | 25.80 | 13.62 | 39.46 | 59.42 | 29.71 | 62.14 | 79.38 | 39.69 | 83.91 |
| Product range and theoretical weights (kg) | |||||||||
| DN | Schedule 10S | Schedule 40S | Schedule 80S | ||||||
| Con reducer | Ecc reducer | Reducing tee | Con reducer | Ecc reducer | Reducing tee | Con reducer | Ecc reducer | Reducing tee | |
| 40x.25 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.60 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.90 |
| 50x25 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 1.10 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 1.37 |
| 50x40 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.76 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 1.15 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 1.43 |
| 80x.50 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 1.56 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.91 | 1.79 | 1.79 | 3.91 |
| 100x50 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 2.94 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 4.48 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 6.55 |
| 100x80 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 3.04 | 1.74 | 1.74 | 4.64 | 2.33 | 2.33 | 6.79 |
| 150x80 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 6.86 | 3.95 | 3.95 | 9.68 | 5.51 | 5.51 | 11.57 |
| 150x100 | 1.96 | 1.96 | 7.10 | 4.07 | 4.07 | 11.94 | 5.96 | 5.96 | 11.97 |
| 200x100 | 3.01 | 3.01 | 13.46 | 6.55 | 6.55 | 17.98 | 9.23 | 9.23 | 24.18 |
| 200x150 | 3.19 | 3.19 | 14.08 | 6.74 | 6.74 | 18.82 | 10.12 | 10.12 | 25.31 |
Other Types of Grade 317 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings in Stock
- Stainless Steel 317 Buttweld Elbow
- SS 317 Eccentric Reducer
- 317 SS Eccentric Reducer
- 317 Stainless Steel Reducer
- SS UNS S31700 Reducer
- SS WERKSTOFF NR. 1.4449 Pipe Fittings
- ASTM A403 WP 317 Stainless Steel Buttweld Fittings
- Stainless Steel 317 Concentric Reducer
- SS 317 45° Elbow
- 317 SS 90° Elbow
- 317 Stainless Steel 180° Elbow
- SS UNS S31700 Equal Tee
- SS WERKSTOFF NR. 1.4449 Reducing Tee
- ANSI B16.9 WP 317 Stainless Steel Long Radius Elbow
- Stainless Steel 317 Lateral Tee
- Stainless Steel 317 Equal Tee
- Stainless Steel 317 Long Stub End
- SS 317 Stub End
- 317 SS Short Stub End
- 317 Stainless Steel Lap Joint Stub End
- 317 (LR) Long Radius Bend
- 317 (SR) Short Radius Bend
- 1/2” - 16” ASTM A403 WP317 Butt weld Elbow
- 15 NB SCH 10 SS 317 90° Short Radius Elbow
- Stainless Steel 317 End Cap
- SS 317 Pipe End Cap
- 317 SS End Pipe Cap
- Stainless Steel 317 Bend
- SS 317 Pipe Bend
- 317 SS Equal Cross
- 317 Stainless Steel U Bend
- SS UNS S31700 5D Bend
- SS 317 180D Bend
- SS WERKSTOFF NR. 1.4449 Short Radius Elbow
- ASTM A403 Stainless Steel 317 Unequal Tee
- Stainless Steel 317 Pipe Elbow
- SS 317 Long Radius Bend
- 317 SS Reducing Cross
- 317 Stainless Steel Straight Tees
- SS UNS S31700 Reducing Nipple
- SS WERKSTOFF NR. 1.4449 Barrel Nipple
- SS ASTM A403 WP317 90° LR Elbow
- ASTM A403 Gr. 317 SS Piggable Bend
- ANSI B16.9 WP317 Stainless Steel 180° Return Bends
- 5" Nb Sch10s SS 317 90° Short Radius Elbow
- ASME B16.9 Schedule 10 317 Stainless Steel Elbow
- ANSI B16.9 SS 317 Short Stub End
- ASTM A403 WP317 SS Stub End
